Demystifying the Ahmadiyya Khilafat-II

Today, the Ahmadi Muslims attribute a mystical halo around their current Khalifa Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad Sahib. This extraordinary reverence has to do with three distinct assumptions:

1) Ahmadiyya Jamaat established true Islamic Khilafat for the first time in over a millennium after the departure of the rightly-guided Khalifas of early Islam.

2) The current Khalifa is the Imam of the Age and appointed by none other than Allah Himself.

3) No one on the face of earth will get the Divine favour of a spiritual station above that of the Ahmadiyya Khalifa.

As a divinely-assured religion, Islam challenges its opponents to the battle ground of proof and evidence in favour of beliefs that they claim to uphold. Like wise, the mystical halo of the Khalifa can be assessed on the altar of Islamic spirituality and we can analyse how far the halo remains behind after a critical examination on the basis of Qur’anic doctrine.  

As we have noted in the previous installment of this essay [To access that part, click here), the idea that Ahmadiyyat restored Islamic Khilafat after a millennium is sheer nonsense, if we go by the Divine plan for Islam and the Holy Prophet’ prophecies on the issue. If you have any respect left for Promised Massih (as), you cannot argue the case that Islam failed to offer a permanent Khilafat to the Muslim Ummah or that Allah failed to raise His Khulafa in every age in the service of His chosen faith. This kind of a claim would completely contradict his belief and impassioned arguments on the subject. More significantly, such a world view depicts Islam poorly in the company of other great faiths: what is so special about Islam if it cannot produce living testimonials in favour of its majesty and grandeur in every age?

Demystifying Ahmadiyya Khilafat

In the April 2011 issue of the Review of Religions, Harris Zafar of USA has written an editorial article: Demystifying ‘Caliphate’.  The article is an eloquent argument in favour of looking at Khilafat as a spiritual phenomenon as against the tendency to look at the whole issue from a political, state-centric, power-oriented prism.

According to Mr. Zafar, the finest example of Islamic Khilafat was in the early era when the rightly guided Khalifas presided over the Muslim Community for a period of 30 years after the death of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa). He argues that spirituality was lost for over a millennium from the Islamic world only to be restored back with the establishment of the Ahmadiyya Khilafat. And he considers that the current Khalifa of the Ahmadiyya Community is “God- appointed”.

Mr. Zafar’s argument is, however,  riddled with a major lacuna: in the pursuit of demystifying Islamic Khilafat, he ended up reducing its profound spiritual connotations and mystifying the Ahmadiyya Khilafat. He considers only the rightly-guided Khalifas in the early Islam and the establishment of Khilafat in the Ahmadiyya Community as examples of the spiritual, real Khilafat. In other words, he has reduced Islamic Khilafat to the system of elected representatives presiding over the Community. Thus, he indirectly ends up arguing that in the more than 1400- year old history of Islam, the real Islam was in place for a mere period of 150 years or less if we combine the period of early Islamic Khilafat and the Ahmadiyya Khilafat.

Hadhrat Khalifa Awwal on 'Khudrat-e- Saniyah'

Hadhrat Maulvi Hakim Nuruddin (ra) (1841-1914) was the foremost companion and disciple of the Promised Massih Hadhrat Ahmad (as).  He was a man of wide learning in a range of subjects. And he displayed an abiding interest in understanding the spiritual universe all though his life. Hadhrat Ahmad (as) held him up as an excellent example of devotion and piety, as he said:

 How good would it be if every member of the community were a Nur-ud-Din;

 So would it be if every heart were filled with the light of the certainty of faith.     

It is no accident, then, that after the death of the Promised Massih (as), the Ahmadiyya Community elected him as Hadhrat Khalifatul Massih Awwal. During his life time as the Khalifa Awwal, Hadhrat Hakim Nuruddin (ra) contributed his measure to lead the Community in the straight path of Sahih al Islam.

The mainstream Ahmadiyya Community has now, however, clearly moved away from the path of Sahih al Islam. It is most evident in their concept and understanding of Khudrat-e- Saniyah. They agree that ‘Islamic Khilafat’ is the Khudrat-e- Saniyah. However, in the mainstream understanding, Khilafat or Khudrat-e- Saniyah has only one form till the Day of Judgement: an assembly of faithful electing their chief as Khalifa. It cannot include, in their view, a divinely raised Mujaddid any longer (God Forbid). Thus, they have reduced the meaning of Khudrat-e-Saniyah from the spiritually appealing and historically accurate way in which the Promised Massih (as) understood it and Hadhrat Khalifa Awwal explained it to the community.

Mujaddid: Advice of the Promised Massih

The Promised Massih Hadhrat Ahmad (as) believed that there are certain qualities that a believer should possess in order for him or her to be able to recognize when an Elect of Allah such as a Mujaddid makes an appearance in the world in a new Century.The principal quality for being able to recognize a Mujaddid is the possession of spiritual light in the heart. He explained this fascinating insight into the working of the spiritual realm and the human mind by contrasting the responses of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (ra) and Abu Jahl when they became aware of the claims of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa).

We are presenting below the relevant extracts: 

“Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (ra) was the person whose nature had the oil and the wick of blessings and as soon he had the pure teachings of the Holy prophet (sa), he was lit up. He did not argue with the Holy Prophet (sa); he did not ask for any signs or miracle. As he heard of the claim of the Holy Prophet (sa) he asked him if he had really claimed to be a prophet. Having got the answer in the affirmative, he said “let you be my witness that I am the first of those who believe in you”. 

That, very clearly, shows that those who have the light of faith in their nature do not need much of talking. With just one thing they arrive at the conclusion. They have a light in their heart. As soon as they hear the voice, they are lit up.The divine power that they have in them is aroused by hearing the voice (of the person who comes from God and calls the people). It begins to develop. And as for those who do not possess that power, they are deprived (of the light) and are ruined. This is what has been happening since time immemorial.  

Experience shows that those who indulge in questioning are usually deprived of guidance. Of course those who think good of others and are patient, they have the full share of guidance. The examples of both these kinds are to be met with in the persons of Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) and Abu Jahl. Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra) did not have controversies and did not ask for the signs to be shown; rather he himself became a splendid sign. Abu Jahl resisted, opposed and did not stop showing his foolishness. He witnessed the signs but could not see them (i.e. he could not benefit from them). Eventually he became a sign for others and passed away in the state of his being an opponent. 

Let everybody fear and know that if a Mujaddid appears in any age, those who believe in him are the blessed people. He who finds reluctance in his heart and does not find himself inclined towards believing in him should be apprehensive, for, these are the signs of a bad end and of deprivation”.  - [Malfuzat,  Vol II, p.165.] 

The Promised Messiah (as)  further says: “Our Holy Prophet^sa has established that there is a need for a Leader of the time (Imāmu Zamān) in every century and has clearly stated that whosoever goes towards God Almighty, not having recognized the Imām, they will go in a state of blindness, and will die a death of ignorance” (Malfūzāt, Vol 5, p. 102). 

Who are these leaders of the time (Imāmu Zamān)?

“Allāh the Almighty has extended the advent of the Khulāfa’ till the Day of Judgment and this special honour and superiority has been bestowed on Islām for its support and reformation. Mujaddidīn have been sent in every century, and will continue so into the future . . . All the times Khulāfa’ served and reformed the Muhammadi Sharī‘a and will continue to come to do so till the end of time.” (Malfūzāt, Vol 10, p 262)  

Khalifatullah: Vicegerent of Allah on Earth

“Innii jaa-ilun fil arzi Khalifah” 


I am going to place My Vicegerent (Caliph) in the earth. (2:31).

Fa-immaa ya-ti-yan-nakum-minnii hudan faman tabi-a hudaa-ya falaa khawfun alayhim wa laa hum yah-zanuun. 

Surely there will come to you guidance from Me, then whoever follows My guidance, no fear shall come upon them, nor shall they grieve. (2: 39).

Reflecting on the aforesaid verses of the Holy Qur’an, Hadhrat Munir Ahmad Azim Sahib, the Khalifatullah of the Era, stated: 

Once man has reached a certain degree of mental maturity, God has sent prophets to guide him. The advent of these prophets is a great manifestation of God’s grace and a source of His many blessings. When these prophets die, Allah favours the world by giving it another manifestation of His grace – blessing its people by sending Mujaddids, Reformers, and Revivalists, Messiahs or even Caliphs of Allah (Khalifatullah).

The Caliph of Allah (Khalifatullah) as Allah Himself has made clear “Innii jaa ilun fil-Arzi Khalifah”, i.e., Allah Himself, the Most High will place His Khalifah on Earth, and it is not by the vote of men that this Khalifah will be elected. This is by no means the same as the election of a minister or an MP. A Khalifatullah is unique. Why? Because he is not elected by the hand of men, but rather, he is established by God and chosen by Him, Himself. This means that the Khalifatullah is not only intellectually and spiritually speaking, the Chosen One of Allah, but he also commands by his status the highest moral quality. It is for these reasons that a Khalifatullah becomes for the Ummah of Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) a wealth of blessings.

This divine manifestation has been amply demonstrated by God, with the arrival of a Khalifatullah where there is a spiritual revolution, especially when Islam (the universal religion) is now in a painful and difficult situation. Problems did not wait to come to the surface. When we see many so-called Muslims, and great defenders of Islam trampling the teachings of Islam, we realize that they are Muslims in name only”.

The so-called Ahmadis can say that I am not an Ahmadi. They believed that I was once an Ahmadi, but they ceased to believe that now, only because I said, and am still saying: “I am getting revelation from Allah and I am the Khalifatullah.” They refuse my claim because according to them, there is an existing Khalifa. They have said that: “How is it possible that there is a Khalifa and you (Munir) says that Allah has chosen you as Khalifatullah. How is that possible?”

'Qudrat-e-Saniya': 'Khilafat is Ever-Lasting'

In their quest for perpetuating the authority of the their assembly-elected "Khalifa" within the Community, Ahmadis today deny the possibility of Allah sending any Mujaddid in future as His Elect to guide the community of Muslims. Further, they have raised the status of their elected Khalifa even above that of an Elect of Allah such as a Mujaddid. Since Hadhrat Ahmad (as) was an Elect of Allah and the Mujaddid of the Fourteenth Century, where does the Ahmadiyya Khulafa stand in spiritual status vis -a- vis him? Can their status be equal to, or even be above, the status of Hadhrat Ahmad (as)?! Are we to consider that given the lofty position to which Ahmadiyya Khulafa have been elevated, they have  every right to alter, bend and modify and thereby destroy the original teachings of Hadhrat Ahmad (as)? It is striking to note the manner in which the mainstream Ahmadiyya Community has moved away from the teachings of Hadhrat Ahmad (as) while claiming to be his ideal disciples.

We are presenting below certain extracts from the Friday Sermon of May 22, 2009 delivered by the Muhyi-ud-Din Khalifatullah Hadhrat Munir Ahmad Azim Sahib (atba) of Mauritius. This sermon graphically chronicles the original beliefs of the Promised Massih Hadhrat Ahmad (as) on the future divine guidance of the Muslims and asks some pertinent questions for Ahmadi friends to reflect upon:

“In his book Shahadat’ul Quran (on pg. 48 - 60), the Promised Messiah (on him be peace) said: “‘Qudrat-e-Saniyah’ is everlasting and will end till the day of Judgement”. The meaning of the Promised Messiah (on him be peace), in this sentence concerning the word “Qudrat-e-Saniyah” implies to “Khilafat”. And according to the Promised Messiah (on him be peace), “Khilafat” does not only implies to “Khilafat-e-Rassool” but it also implies to “Mujaddid”. The Promised Messiah (on him be peace) believes that “Khilafat” includes “the four rightly guided successors of Rassool” and Allah willed that it should continue to exist permanently till the Day of Judgement.

Thus, the Promised Messiah (on him be peace) has not declared the “Ahmadiyya Khilafat” everlasting in his writings. What he has declared everlasting are two things: (1) Qudrat-e-Saniyah (2) Islamic Khilafat.

(1) Qudrat-e-Saniyah includes “Khilafat” and not just the “Ahmadiyya Khilafat”, because the Promised Messiah (on him be peace) wrote in the same book Al-Wassiyat that this Qudrat is similar to the Qudrat which appeared in the form of Hazrat Abu Bakr, the first Islamic Khalifa which means “Qudrat-e-Saniyah” is comparable to the “Islamic Khilafat”.

The 'Doctrine' of Ahmadiyya Khilafat

“God will continue to raise among these people, in the beginning of each century, a man who would teach them the spirit of Islam and thus, in a manner, renew the days of the Prophet”.

- Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa)

To secure the future of Islam in its pristine spiritual purity, the community of believers was thus given the glad tiding of a wonderful arrangement- Khulafa of Allah being raised in every century to renew the Faith and to rejuvenate the garden of Islam. The objective was to preserve the letter and spirit of the Holy Qur’an for all times and for ensuring the development of high spiritual qualities among the believers in every century. 

The Promised Massih Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as) of Qadian explained that the achievement of salvation for everyone necessitated the coming of a Mujaddid (Khalifatullah) in every century. The Beneficent Lord has made “the arrangement in every century so that His creatures should not fail in any age to attain the stage of absolute certainty”.  Hadhrat Ahmad (as) believed in the authenticity of this tradition of the Holy Prophet (sa). He projected it in support of his famous claim as the Mujaddid of the Fourteenth Century. On every opportunity that became available to explain the importance of the tradition regarding the coming of divinely ordained Mujaddidin at the turn of a Century, the Promised Massih (as) urged his followers to be careful against complacency on the matter. He cautioned that any one who raises objections against this noble tradition objects to the wisdom of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa). Further, he stated that rejecting this tradition amounts to denial of a Divine Plan of Allah, the Most High. 

'Khalifa': Different Types and Ranks

According to the Holy Qur’an, only a person appointed by Allah Himself and enjoys His converse on a sustained basis and receiving revelations from the Holy Throne can be considered a Khalifatullah or the Caliph of Allah. With regard to Hadhrat Adam (as), the Holy Book states: “I am going to place My Khalifah in the earth”. [2:31]. 

Like wise, with regard to Hadhrat David (as), the Holy Book states: ‘O David, We have made you a Khalifah in the earth’ [38:27]. And in both cases, it is patently obvious that the servants of God being addressed invariably enjoyed Divine converse and were appointed by Allah Himself as His Messengers or Khulafa.

Apart from the two Messengers of Allah who were described as the Khalifah of Allah, the Holy Qur’an also speaks about another type of Khalifas. It refers to the subordinate Prophets who are Khalifas of another and a greater prophet such as the Israelite Prophets who all were the Khalifas of Moses. 

The Holy Qur’an states: “Allah has promised to those among you who believe and do good works that He will, surely, make them SUCCESSORS in the earth, as He made Successors from among those who were before them; and that He will, surely establish for them their religion which He has chosen for them; and exchange security and peace after their fear; They will worship Me, and they will not associate anything with Me. Then whoso disbelieves after that, they will be the rebellious”. (24:56).

According to Hadhrat Ahmad (as), the phrase ‘as He made Successors from among those who were before them’ is a clear reference to the Khalifas of Moses who were all Prophets.

Khalifatullah and Khalifatul Massih

Historically, the institution of Khilafat emerged within the early Muslim community with the election of Hadhrat Abu Baker Siddiq (ra) as Khalifatul Rasul after the death of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sa). In the history of Islam, there has been three types of Khulafa. Like, mentioned above, the early Khulafa/Caliphs who upheld the faith and its values with sincere and complete devotion after having been taught by the Holy Prophet (sa) himself and they having spent their lives as his companions during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (sa). These caliphs- Hadhrat Abu Baker Siddiq (ra), Hadhrat Umar (ra), Hadhrat Uthman (ra) and Hadhrat Ali (ra)- are collectively known as the rightly-guided caliphs-Khulafa-ur-Rashidun. 

The second type of Khulafa are those who came after these pious caliphs. Those who came after the Khulafa-ur-Rashidun were also leaders of the Muslim Ummah, having sovereignty and political authority over the nation. While many of them practiced their religion as they understood their faith, but the Ummah in general do not consider them to be spiritual models, to be emulated like the early exemplars. They were a manifestation of the material glory of the Ummah as a political and religious community as against the other-worldly preoccupations of true saints and believers. 

The third type of Khulafa are the Divine Reformers or Mujaddidin who appeared in different lands of Islam at different points of time, in the history of Islam. They were the spiritual deputies of the Holy Prophets (sa) who were Divinely-raised, with revelations, inspirations, visions and dreams to guide the Ummah and to be the practical models of a living Islam in their respective communities. As per the Islamic tradition, Allah (swa) will raise a Mujaddid at the turn of every century to preserve the true spirit of Holy Qur'an and the Islamic teachings among the believers and this Divine scheme will continue to serve the spiritual purpose till the Day of Judgement. As these men are Divinely-ordained, they are also known as Khalifatullah or the Vicegerent of Allah. Hence, one of the titles of the Promised Massih (as) is as Khalifatullah.