Saturday, March 1, 2025

Al-Fatiha: A Commentary

 

The Quran is an ocean of knowledge and guidance for humanity. It’s very first chapter, an ardent invocation to Allah, embodies the essence of the Quran and the connection between man and his Creator. Surah Al-Fatiha, the opening of the Quran, is also referred to as Ummul-Quran (the Mother of the Quran). Indeed, Surah Al-Fatiha is so significant that without its recitation in every Rakah (cycle) of our prayers (Salat), those prayers are considered incomplete.

 

Therefore, Surah Al-Fatiha can be seen as a chapter enclosing the entire Quran, with the remaining chapters serving as commentaries on this exalted Surah. We must always bear in mind the profound importance of this Surah, as it holds the key, the solution, and the remedy to many seemingly insurmountable challenges, hardships, problems, and ailments. Reflect also on how, in Surah Al-Baqara, Allah declares: This is a perfect Book, containing no doubt, and it is guidance only for the “Muttaqi” (those who are pious, fear Allah and are conscious of Him).

 

When one becomes a Muttaqi, they strive to please Allah in every possible way. To remain close to Allah, a believer makes efforts to reduce his shortcomings and avoid sin. He does all that is necessary to earn Allah’s pleasure and ensure that His message and Tawheed (Oneness) reach as many people as possible. A Muttaqi transforms his reverential fear of Allah into a driving force to perform as many good deeds as they can – not for the approval of people but solely to attain Allah’s favour.

 

Surah Al-Fatiha is the key to righteousness and the passport to the realm of Allah’s blessings. Comprising only seven verses, each verse carries immense significance and impact on the life of a Muttaqi.

 

Let us briefly explore the meaning of each verse of this exalted Surah. You will find a more detailed commentary in the Al-Azim Tafsir’ul Quran and my other Friday sermons, but such is the importance of this Surah that every one of you should take the time to sit and reflect upon each verse and truly understand what you are asking of Allah.

 

With the advent of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as), the Promised Messiah and Mahdi of the last century, the first Messiah sent within the Ummah of Muhammad (pbuh), and particularly with the rise of his Promised Son, Khalifatul-Masih II and Musleh Ma’ud, Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad (ra), the second Caliph and Reformer, Allah enlightened them regarding the immense significance of Surah Al-Fatiha. Through divine guidance, the Musleh Ma’ud (ra) highlighted that the verse “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” is so important that it should be counted as a verse at the beginning of every Surah of the Quran, except Surah At-Tauba, which is a continuation of Surah Al-Anfal.

 

Although “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” exists in every Quran of Islam, the majority of Muslims do not count it as a verse that is part of the Quran, except for in Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Naml. Nevertheless, members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, particularly the Jamaat Ul Sahih Al Islam, regard “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” as a distinct verse before each Surah, except Surah At-Tauba, within the Holy Quran.

 

This practice is not an innovation introduced into the Holy Quran but rather a clarification. There is a significant difference between a clarification and an innovation. The fact that the Jamaat Ahmadiyya, following the Promised Messiah Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as) and his Promised Son Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad (ra), considers “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” as a verse does not imply that the rest of the Ummah has erred in not counting it as such. It is a matter of understanding and perception, and those blessed with this understanding by Allah are indeed fortunate.

 

Thus, it is entirely permissible for an Ahmadi Muslim, and particularly my disciples, to read the Holy Quran from other Jamaats’ publication, especially the Sunnat-e-Jamaat, because the Arabic text of the Quran remains the same, except for a small percentage of copies (from the entire Ummah in the world) where different Arabic words are used. These cases often become the focus of the enemies of Islam. However, the vast majority of what Allah decreed to remain intact is the Quran we read, preserved through the ages, with no errors in the original Arabic text.

 

Human errors may arise in certain publications of the Quran, but once such errors are identified, they are corrected. Unfortunately, enemies of Islam often exploit such isolated errors to malign the (true Islamic) faith. Yet, the truth remains that the Quran in its original Arabic is still among us today. Regardless of whether “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” is counted as a verse or not [speaking for the entire Ummah of Muhammad (pbuh)], this is not a significant issue. All Muslims are required to recite “Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim” before each Surah, except for Surah At-Tauba. It is important to reflect on the need for Muslim unity rather than division. Let us not allow such matters to divide the Ummah or lead one Muslim to accuse another of not being a Muslim. Remember, faith is not granted by human beings; it is a gift from Allah.

 

Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) himself was displeased when his companions judged the faith of others. For instance, he reprimanded his adopted son’s son [grandson], Usama Ibn Zayd (ra), for killing someone who had professed “La ilaha illallah” just as he was about to strike him with his sword.

 

It is clear that it is not our place to judge the faith of others. Even as the Khalifatullah of this era, I do not possess the authority to judge another’s faith unless Allah grants me a clear revelation that a particular person is a non-believer or hypocrite.

 

Muslims must be defenders of Islam and the Quran. In today’s world, some people invent verses and add them to the Quran, but such fabrications will have grave consequences before Allah. When the curse of Allah befalls such people, they will realise the seriousness of forging lies against Allah and His sacred laws and Book, the Holy Quran. As I mentioned in my previous sermons, it is for a very specific reason that Allah revealed verses to His noble Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), cancelling some and replacing them with better ones [as you will find in Surah Al-Baqara, Verse 107]. Allah has carefully selected, over centuries, the verses that were to be included in His Quran, which He promised to protect until the Day of Judgement.

 

The preservation of the Quran is of utmost importance. I hope that even if minor errors slip into publications of the Al-Azim Tafsir’ul Quran, my disciples and other brothers and sisters in Islam will point them out so they can be corrected [and not use them as points of criticism]. Errors are human, and sometimes typos occur or certain details are overlooked. I encourage everyone to unite in the effort to keep the Quran and its commentary in this era free from errors, Insha-Allah.

 

Now let us reflect on what Allah says after encouraging all believers to begin the recitation of the Quran and Surah Al-Fatiha with His name and His blessed attributes, “Ar-Rahman” (The Most Gracious) and “Ar-Rahim” (The Most Merciful).

 

Every Muslim must bear in mind that “Allah” is the personal name of Allah, a name that cannot be exclusively used by anyone else. Thus, no one can call themselves “Allah.” The name Allah literally means the One God, without partners, and no other deities exist besides Him. No one but Allah is worthy of worship. And it is Allah, the Rahman, who is so filled with grace and mercy that He provides His servants with sustenance without them even asking. For instance, Allah placed mankind on Earth, equipped them [us] with the means for survival, and created plants, animals, and rivers to supply provisions. He causes rain to fall, grants humans the ability to build shelter, and provides refuge from the elements.

 

And Allah is Rahim (The Most Merciful), so full of compassion that if a servant turns to Him with sincerity of heart, He can change their destiny (whether for a man or woman, boy or girl), transform their difficulties into ease, and grant them provisions that align with their desires. This Rahimiyyat (attribute of mercy) varies for each person, as it depends on the connection one has with their Creator. The closer a person draws to Allah, and the closer Allah draws to them, the more this Rahimiyyat intensifies. Allah responds to some of their requests and grants them what they seek, in accordance with His divine wisdom – knowing the day, the date, and the hour He will grant the believer’s devoted supplications. Allah tests His servant and observes how patiently they remain faithful to Him, without losing hope in their Duahs (prayers).

 

Thus, as Muslims, we seek Allah in Surah Al-Fatiha. We seek His eternal mercies in this world and the Hereafter. We implore Him for the spiritual guidance that He granted to nations before us, prior to the advent of Islam. We seek Allah’s assistance to ensure we do not fall among those who incur His wrath and His curse. Reflect upon the fact that those who attract Allah’s anger and curse, and die in that state, are truly doomed. Their souls will endure great torment in the Hereafter. On the other hand, those who enrich their souls with righteousness and accept all the guides Allah sends for the reformation of the physical and spiritual world – those souls are indeed blessed. It is not enough to merely recognise a Messenger; a true believer must accept and obey him to properly follow the divine messages sent from Allah.

 

Many Muslims, whether born into Islam or young converts (or reverts) who have recognised the truth of Islam and embraced it, fail to grasp the importance of the Sunnah (traditions) of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh). They believe the Quran alone suffices for their guidance. However, let it be clear that Allah Himself declares in the Quran: “Wati’ullah Wati’ur-Rasul” (Obey Allah and obey the Messenger). The prophetic guidance of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) represents the Quran in practice. While the Quran’s teachings are indeed present, a teacher is necessary to show us, as Muslims, how to practically implement those commands – such as Salat (prayers), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage). Most importantly, a teacher is needed to help us understand the true essence of “Laa Ilaaha Illallahu Muhammadur Rasulullah” (There is no deity but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger). And the teacher chosen by Allah to impart the Quran’s teachings to others is none other than Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh). Now, all guidance remains inherently tied to the Quran and Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh).

 

Therefore, spiritual and prophetic guidance did not end with Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh). Yes, the guidance of divine law concluded with him, as no further divine laws will be revealed and the Quran stands as the final book of divine laws for all humanity until the Day of Judgement. Here, I speak of spiritual guides who come with the Ruh’il Quddus (Holy Spirit), walking in the footsteps of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh), to restore Islam’s glory in the world. And this begins with inviting people to the One God, Who has no partner – ALLAH.

 

When Allah declares Himself “Maaliki Yawmid-Din” (Master of the Day of Judgment), He forewarns humanity that this life they are living, which He has given them as a gift – an opportunity to strive and ultimately attain Him as their reward – will come to an end. When they become conscious of Allah as their Creator, Allah reminds them, reminds us all: “Reflect carefully! Everything I have provided for you on this earth, and even your very existence, will come to an end. And each of you, without exception, will return to Me. So establish yourselves upon all that I command you to do, and avoid all that I prohibit you from.”

 

Here, we find the wisdom of Allah and His boundless love for humanity. Allah grants mankind ample opportunities to accept His signs, messengers, prophets, revelations – in short, all the tools that will bring them closer to Him so they may earn His pleasure and His immense reward in the Hereafter. He makes it clear in the Opening Chapter, in the Exalted Invocation, that whether one likes it or not, they will one day return to Him (Allah), and this life on Earth is but a fleeting stay. What matters is that mankind recognises their Creator, worships Him alone, accepts all the guides and messages He sends, performs all the good they can to earn His pleasure, and steers clear of Satan’s impurities. This is the very essence of what Allah seeks from us. Yet humanity, unfortunately, often falls prey to Satan’s temptations, allowing the delusions of this world to distract them, causing them to forget the Hereafter and drift into ruin. But those who love Allah, love the truth, and seek guidance from Allah to know the truth that comes from Him – those are the ones whom Allah inspires in their hearts and shows the straight path. Each time He sends a messenger, He reveals his truthfulness so that they may join his ranks and strive in spreading Tawheed (Oneness of Allah) in the world. As a result, Allah shields them from becoming among those who have earned His wrath and gone astray from His path.

 

This is where I stop (for today). If we were to delve into Surah Al-Fatiha, we would never exhaust its depths, for it is truly a vast ocean of knowledge. I take this opportunity to wish all my disciples and the Ummah of our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) a blessed Ramadan Mubarak. May Allah have mercy on His faithful servants, eradicate the reign of Satans, and grant Islam and the Muslims sovereignty in this world and in the Hereafter. Insha-Allah, Ameen.


---Friday Sermon of 28 February 2025~ 28 Shabaan 1446 AH delivered by Imam- Jamaat Ul Sahih Al Islam International Hazrat Muhyiuddin Al Khalifatullah Munir A. Azim (aba) of Mauritius].